Download Briefing Paper 52 Briefing Paper 52 – January 2021 Yohannes Ayele, Michael Gasiorek, Peter Holmes, Anna Jerzewska, Suzannah Walmsley Key Points Introduction Tariffs Customs and Trade Facilitation Rules of Origin Mutual Recognition of Testing and Certification Fisheries Conclusion Key Points The Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) offers complete elimination of tariffs and quotas providing firms can prove their goods satisfy the rules of origin requirements, and providing no measures are introduced for other purposes such as trade defence or ‘rebalancing’ measures. The rules of origin are complex, bespoke and compared to those used on other EU agreements they differ in terms of distribution and details. In some cases, they appear more liberal than those used in the Pan-Euro-Mediterranean(PEM) system, in other cases the reverse applies. Customs and trade facilitation in the TCA is comprehensive and broad and provides for the possibility of close cooperation in order to facilitate bilateral trade between the UK and the EU. There is no chapter on the mutual recognition of conformity assessment (to standards), although there are some minor elements of mutual recognition, for example, with regard to automobiles and self-certification for least sensitive products. This will raise the bureaucratic complexity and [...]

Download Briefing Paper 21 Briefing Paper 21 – July 2018 Michael Gasiorek and Suzannah Walmsley Key Points Introduction Current policy environment UK Fisheries White Paper, July 2018 Understanding the pattern of UK trade in fish Different Brexit scenarios Aggregate results Results by species Conclusion Key Points Leaving the EU will involve some possible combination of changes in tariffs, non-tariff measures, and also the amount of fish quotas that can be caught by the UK and the EU. The UK is looking to renegotiate the share of quotas but the EU fishing industry is keen to maintain the existing distribution of quota. With regards to the changes in tariff and non-tariff measures, all the experiments lead to a decline in UK output, and the biggest decline occurs in the unilateral free trade scenario. A ‘no deal’ Brexit with no changes in quotas for the UK leads to declines in output, exports, and imports as a result of increasing tariffs and non-tariff measures with the important EU market. Adjustment in quotas has a substantial positive impact on UK output and exports but a negative impact on EU fishing. Even if the UK unilaterally forced the issue and demanded quota changes, almost [...]