UK- EU

The EU Global Trade Review: New Legal Tools for International Trade

29 June 2020 Erika Szyszczak is Professor Emerita and a Fellow of the UKTPO, University of Sussex. In response to the global economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic the European Commission has launched a major review of EU trade policy. The first act was to launch an inclusive online public consultation on a number of themes: Building a resilient and sustainable EU economy after the coronavirus Reforming the WTO Creating global trade opportunities for businesses and in particular SMEs Maximising the contribution of trade policy to addressing key global challenges: climate change, sustainable development, the digital transition Strengthening of trade and investment relationships with key trading partners Improving the level playing field and protecting EU business and citizens […]

By Erika Szyszczak|2025-07-18T10:33:24+01:0029 June 2020|UK- EU|0 Comments

A Trade Bargain to Secure Supplies of Medical Goods

12 June 2020 Simon Evenett is Professor of International Trade and Economic Development at the University of St. Gallen, and coordinator of the Global Trade Alert. He is an Associate Fellow of the UKTPO. L. Alan Winters CB is Professor of Economics and Director of the UKTPO. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted trade policy, along with everything else. As nations scrambled this year to source medical supplies – equipment, drugs and personal protective equipment – 89 governments imposed 154 restrictions on exports. What is much less well known is that 154 reforms easing imports of these goods were implemented by 104 nations too. It took a pandemic for some policymakers to grasp that taxing imported soap makes no sense. As well as up-ending trade in the medical goods, these policy shifts have the unintended consequence of providing the foundation for a new trade bargain between nations over medical supplies. As a sizeable and reliable exporter of these goods this matters for the UK and comes at the time when British ministers and officials want to showcase an independent trade policy. It is at times like these—when the big beasts of the world trading system are at loggerheads—that, traditionally, the free [...]

By Simon Evenett, L. Alan Winters|2025-07-18T10:34:05+01:0012 June 2020|UK - Non EU, UK- EU|0 Comments

Foreign Investment as a Stepping Stone for Services Trade

11 June 2020 Dr Ingo Borchert is Senior Lecturer in Economics and Julia Magntorn Garrett is a Research Officer in Economics at the University of Sussex. Both are fellows of the UK Trade Policy Observatory. Since the beginning of the pandemic, attention has shifted away from the economic implications of Brexit and towards what a post-COVID economy might look like. This is understandable, yet by now it looks as if a hard Brexit might be just around the corner. Last week the fourth round of negotiations between the UK and the EU ended without visible progress, and the Government has repeatedly ruled out an extension to the transition period. Thus, in spite of the continuing impact of COVID-related restrictions, it seems warranted to put back into focus some features of the UK economy that are likely to change after the transition period has ended. […]

By Ingo Borchert, Julia Magntorn Garrett|2025-07-18T10:34:40+01:0011 June 2020|UK - Non EU, UK- EU|0 Comments

When State Aid Gets Political

8 June 2020 Professor Erika Szyszczak is Professor Emerita and a Fellow of UKTPO, University of Sussex. Control over state aid is a stumbling block for the future of a EU-UK trade agreement. The EU is seeking dynamic alignment of any future UK state aid rules. This is a bold demand, especially since the EU state aid rules will be in a state of flux in the forthcoming years. But if no agreement is reached there are implications for domestic UK policy. […]

By Erika Szyszczak|2025-07-18T10:35:35+01:009 June 2020|UK- EU|0 Comments

Companies should prepare for increased costs, bureaucracy and border checks for their Northern Ireland business

05 June 2020 Businesses should expect more paperwork, bureaucracy and additional costs on trade between Northern Ireland and Great Britain when the transition period ends in seven months’ time. The UK’s recently published Command Paper highlights significant differences between the UK and the EU and does not fully address the challenges which come from the special situation around that border, warns our latest Briefing Paper – The unresolved difficulties of the Northern Ireland Protocol – co-authored by Prof Michael Gasiorek and Dr Anna Jerzewska. The paper highlights several areas where the UK’s interpretation of what was previously agreed appears to differ from the EU’s position. […]

By Nick Phipps|2020-06-05T10:00:00+01:005 June 2020|UK- EU|0 Comments

Policymakers must resist kneejerk changes to supply chains and global trade policy in the wake of COVID-19

29 May 2020 Policymakers should resist the urge to make kneejerk and wholesale changes to supply chains and global trade policy in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, an economist with the UK Trade Policy Observatory has warned. Professor Michael Gasiorek, a trade policy expert at the University of Sussex Business School, is advising governments against making trade policy responses to the Coronavirus crisis which could have longer-lasting and potentially negative implications in the post-pandemic future for the global trading system. […]

By Nick Phipps|2020-05-29T09:16:20+01:0029 May 2020|UK - Non EU, UK- EU|0 Comments

Building Supply Chain Resilience: a reflection on ‘Project Defend’ and the reshoring of manufacturing

28 May 2020 Sam Roscoe is a Senior Lecturer in Operations Management and Research Leader for the Supply Chain 4.0 Hub at the University of Sussex. He is an Associate Fellow of the UKTPO. Boris Johnson has drawn up plans (codenamed Project Defend) to reduce the UK’s reliance on foreign countries for products that are deemed critical to the wellbeing of the nation. This follows a recent Fox News interview with President Donald Trump, who said “these stupid supply chains that are all over the world…..we should have them all in the United States”. And, a recent article from The Economist (May 16th-22nd, 2020) that declared the end of globalisation, noting that the push to bring supply chains back home in the name of resilience is accelerating. Indeed, the pandemic has exposed that global supply chains are only as strong as their weakest link and is prompting a move from low-cost, overseas production towards the localisation of manufacturing. […]

By Nick Phipps|2020-05-28T09:54:04+01:0028 May 2020|UK - Non EU, UK- EU|1 Comment

COVID-19 will reinforce the Brexit shock

27 May 2020 L. Alan Winters CB is Professor of Economics and Director of the UKTPO. Mattia Di Ubaldo is a Research Fellow in the Economics of European Trade Policies, and Palitha Konara is a Senior Lecturer in International Business at the University of Sussex. Both are Fellows of the UKTPO. COVID-19 and Brexit may appear as independent shocks but, in fact, they are interrelated. First, as the UKTPO and many others have argued, because COVID has disrupted the preparation for and conduct of negotiations on the future UK-EU trading arrangements, the UK government should ask for an extension to the transition period. This would allow the UK and EU to work out details of mutual cooperation that will be beneficial on both sides of the channel. […]

By L. Alan Winters, Mattia Di Ubaldo|2025-07-18T10:42:50+01:0027 May 2020|UK - Non EU, UK- EU|0 Comments

Environment and climate change in the EU-UK negotiations: Arguing the toss over nothing

26 May 2020 Dr Emily Lydgate is a Senior Lecturer in Environmental Law at the University of Sussex and a Fellow of the UK Trade Policy Observatory. The fundamental difference between the EU and UK positions on environment and climate is that of tradition (in the UK) versus innovation (in the EU). In fact tradition is somewhat of an understatement – the UK has made good on its aspiration for a ‘Canada-style’ deal by copying the environment chapter from that Agreement in its proposed EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA) more or less verbatim. This chapter is relatively mild in the level of obligation it imposes. It requires parties to uphold and enforce their own domestic environmental laws, but only if failing to do so would encourage trade and investment. Violation of this commitment does not lead to trade sanctions or fines. This raises some questions. […]

By Emily Lydgate|2025-07-18T10:43:47+01:0026 May 2020|UK- EU|0 Comments

Reflections on the UK Global Tariff: good in principle, but perhaps not for relations with the EU

21 May 2020 Michael Gasiorek is Professor of Economics at the University of Sussex and Julia Magntorn Garrett is a Research Officer in Economics at the University of Sussex. Both are Fellows of the UK Trade Policy Observatory. Let’s start at the very beginning… Suppose a country was (more or less) starting from scratch with its trade policy, and anticipated wanting to sign future trade agreements with other countries. What might you want from that country’s tariff structure? At the end of the day it is important to remember that tariffs are discriminatory taxes (i.e. they discriminate against foreign suppliers) which reduce competition, distort markets and lower national welfare. So, aiming to get to low (zero) tariffs is a good objective. But there may also be some other considerations. Here are some guidelines: […]

By Michael Gasiorek, Julia Magntorn Garrett|2025-07-18T10:44:42+01:0021 May 2020|UK - Non EU, UK- EU|0 Comments

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